This seminar was delivered at the Middle East Centre on Tuesday 3 March 2026 by Dr Alfonso Casani (Complutense University of Madrid) and was chaired by Professor Michael Willis (St Antony’s College).
Alfonso Casani is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at the
Complutense University of Madrid (Spain). He is Research associate of the Group of Studies on the Arab and
Muslim Societies (GRESAM) at the University of Castilla-la Mancha and the Complutense Research Group on
the Maghreb and Middle East (GICMOM) at the Complutense University of Madrid. His research interests focus
on the study of political Islam, opposition dynamics and social movements in North Africa. He is co-editor of El
impacto de la Guerra de Ucrania en el norte de África y Oriente Medio (Dyckinson). His articles have recently
been published in journals such as Democratization, Contemporary Politics and the Journal of Intervention and
Statebuilding.
Contemporary Islamist Opposition in Morocco: Resisting Inclusion and Moderation (2025)
Edinburgh University Press https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-contemporary-islamist-opposition-in-
morocco.html
Contemporary Islamist Opposition in Morocco: Resisting Inclusion and Moderation offers an in-depth and yet-
unexplored analysis of the evolution and actions of Moroccan Islamist association Justice and Spirituality (al-Adl
wa-l-Ihsane). By examining its mobilisation structure, the book enhances the understanding of Islamism as an
oppositional force in non-democratic regimes, with a particular focus on Morocco. Contrary to the common
premises of inclusion–moderation theory, al-Adl wa-l-Ihsane has undergone a politicisation process but rejects
political inclusion; it promotes street mobilisation but refuses to resort to violence. Despite its illegal status and
disregard for the regime’s red lines, al-Adl wa-l-Ihsane remains highly relevant as an anti-establishment actor.
Addressing these apparent contradictions broadens our understanding of inclusion–moderation approaches by
introducing novel explanatory factors into the relationship between authoritarian regimes and Islamist opposition
actors, including responses to shifts in opportunity structures and the effects of internal dynamics and learning
mechanisms. It also deepens our knowledge of al-Adl wa-l-Ihsane, Morocco’s largest opposition actor, which
nevertheless remains largely understudied.
